You are right, it depdended on the resolution. I originally tried to view it in 720p (highest available) and MPC-HC crashed. I then switched to 480p (with an asterisk) which worked, 360p did not work and 240p (again with an asterisk) worked again. I dont know what the [ * ] means but that were the only resolutions that worked. After that I switched to another video where every available resolution was working.
So then I copied the link to the first video to post it here, but then MPC-HC automatically started playing it in 720p and it was suddenly running as it should, even in 360p. I tried a number of videos and had no problems at all.
Now that I'm typing this post I tried another video that works with the default 1080p [ * ] but crashes when I set it at 720p.
This is the video I just tested which crashed, but it seems to be a general problem with non-asterisk resolutions.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aw16bAxVoxU
The only weird thing is that I dont know how to replicate the error, since it doesnt occur reliably. The very first video I talked about in this post still works in 720p.